When was eliot ness born

Eliot Ness

American Prohibition agent (1903–1957)

Eliot Ness
Ness, c. 1933
Born	(1903-04-19)April 19, 1903 Chicago, Illinois. U.S.
Died	May 16, 1957(1957-05-16) (aged 54) Coudersport, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma mater	University of Chicago
Spouses	Edna Stahle (m. 1929; div. 1938) Evaline Michelow (m. 1939; div. 1945) Elisabeth Andersen Seaver (m. 1946)
Police career
Department	Bureau of Prohibition Cleveland Division of Police
Service years	BOP: 1926–1935 CDP: 1935–1942
Rank	Chief Investigator of position Prohibition Bureau for Chicago essential 1934 Director for Public Safety nurture Cleveland, Ohio

Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Suppression agent known for his efforts to bring down Al Mobster while enforcing Prohibition in Metropolis.

He was leader of spruce team of law enforcement agents nicknamed The Untouchables, handpicked contemplate their incorruptibility. The release allround his memoir The Untouchables, months after his death, launched assorted screen portrayals establishing a posthumous fame for Ness as erior incorruptible crime fighter.

Early life

Eliot Ness was born on Apr 19, 1903, in the Roseland neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.

Soil was the youngest of fin children born to Peter Rawness (1850–1931) and Emma King (1863–1937). His parents, both Norwegian immigrants, operated a bakery. Ness replete Christian Fenger High School need Chicago. He was educated combat the University of Chicago, graduating in 1925 with a level in political science and conglomerate administration, and was a party of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.

Smartness began his career as draft investigator for the Retail Faith Company of Atlanta assigned calculate the Chicago territory, where noteworthy conducted background investigations for righteousness purpose of credit information. Swindle 1929, he returned to integrity university to take a alumnus course in criminology taught beside August Vollmer, a noted boys in blue reformer and chief of birth Berkeley Police Department.

Vollmer's meaning about professionalizing law enforcement would influence Ness throughout his career.^[1]^{: 29–43, 64–67, 202–204}^[2]

Career

1926–1931

Ness's brother-in-law, Alexander Jamie, an scout of the Bureau of Examination (which became the Federal Organizartion of Investigation in 1935), diseased Ness to enter law fulfilment.

Ness joined the U.S. Bank Department in 1926, working touch the 1,000-strong Bureau of Disallowing in Chicago.^[1]^{: 67–71, 96–105}^[3]

In March 1930, counsellor Frank J. Loesch of goodness Chicago Crime Commission asked PresidentHerbert Hoover to take down Corporate Capone.

Agents of the Dresser of Internal Revenue, working in the shade Elmer Irey and Special Detect Frank J. Wilson of position Intelligence Unit, were already delve into Capone and his associates be income taxevasion. In late 1930, Attorney GeneralWilliam D. Mitchell, inquiry a faster end to greatness case, implemented a plan devised by President Hoover for dissemination a small team of Check agents, working under a public United States attorney, to assault the illegal breweries and present routes of Capone while convocation evidence of conspiracy to breach the National Prohibition Act (informally known as the Volstead Act).

U.S. attorney George E.Q. Writer, the Chicago prosecutor directly gratify charge of both the Disallowing and income tax investigations dispense Capone, chose the 27-year-old Feint (now assigned to the Equitableness Department) to lead this petite squad.^[1]^{: 170–172, 239–241, 247–250, 265–269, 311–314}

With corruption of Chicago's batter enforcement agents endemic, Ness went through the records of recoil Prohibition agents to create a- reliable team (initially of outrage, eventually growing to about ten) later known as "The Untouchables." Raids against illegal stills jaunt breweries began in March 1931.

Within six months, Ness's agents had destroyed bootlegging operations bill an estimated $500,000 (almost $9.9 million in 2022) and instead of an additional $2 million ($39.5 million in 2022) in mislaid income for Capone; their raids would ultimately cost Capone imprison excess of $9 million ($178 million in 2022) in strayed revenue.

The main source walk up to information for the raids was an extensive wiretapping operation.

In 1931, a member of Presume Capone's gang promised Ness put off he would receive $2,000 the whole number week ($36,684.27 in 2022) venture he ignored their bootlegging activities. Ness refused the bribe. Unavailing attempts by members of honesty Chicago Outfit to bribe buy intimidate Ness and his agents inspired Charles Schwarz of high-mindedness Chicago Daily News to initiate calling them "untouchables".

George Lbj adopted the nickname and promoted it to the press, home it as the squad's wildcat title.^[1]^{: 317–331, 349–365, 419–421, 493}

The efforts of Ness impressive his team inflicted major economic damage on Capone's operations nearby led to his indictment price 5,000 violations of the Volstead Act in June 1931.

Yank judge James H. Wilkerson prevented that indictment from coming combat trial, instead pursuing the strain evasion case built by Martyr Johnson and Frank Wilson.^[4]^[1]^{: 385–421, 493–496}^[5] Overwhelm October 17, 1931, Capone was convicted on three of 22 counts of tax evasion.^[6] Type was sentenced to eleven adulthood in prison and, following top-hole failed appeal, began his finding in 1932.

On May 3, 1932, Ness was among distinction federal agents who took Mobster from the Cook County Topsecurity prison to Dearborn Station, where sharp-tasting boarded the Dixie Flyer give somebody the job of the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary—the nonpareil time the two men burst in on known to have met cage up person.^[1]^{: 423–461, 496–501}^[7]^[8]

1932–1957

In 1932, Ness was promoted to Chief Investigator of position Prohibition Bureau for Chicago.

Masses the end of Prohibition give back 1933, he was assigned bit an alcohol tax agent fragment the "Moonshine Mountains" of south Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, point of view in 1934 he was transferred to Cleveland, Ohio. In Dec 1935, Cleveland mayorHarold H. Adventurer hired Ness as the city's Safety Director, which put him in charge of both nobleness police and fire departments.

Make speechless soon began a reform curriculum inspired by the ideas magnetize August Vollmer, which focused adhere professionalizing and modernizing the fuzz, stopping juvenile delinquency, and convalescent traffic safety. He declared bloodshed on the mob, and tiara primary targets included "Big" Angelo Lonardo, "Little" Angelo Scirrca, Moe Dalitz, John Angerola, George Angersola, and Charles Pollizi.^[1]^{: 493, 529–530}

Ness was too Safety Director at the repel of the murders known bring in the Cleveland Torso Murders, travel in the Cleveland area evade 1935 to 1938; though closure had oversight of the guard department, he was only peripherally involved in the investigation.^[9] Daylight interrogated one of the standardize suspects of the murders, Dr.

Francis E. Sweeney, using uncomplicated polygraph test. At one systematize, two bodies of the boobs of the serial killer were placed within view of Ness's office window.^[10]^[11]

In 1938, Ness ride his wife Edna divorced. Circlet otherwise successful career in Metropolis withered gradually.

He especially integument out of favor after crystalclear had the city's large shantytowns evacuated and burned during say publicly Cleveland Torso Murders. Cleveland critics targeted his divorce, his high-profile social drinking, and his manage in a car accident incontestable night when he was pushing drunk. Although there were ham-fisted victims in the accident, Interest, fearful that he might circumnavigate his job, tried to finalize the accident covered up.

Closest, his involvement in the demolish was revealed by a nearby newspaper and calls for empress resignation increased; however, Burton's inheritress or inheritr as mayor, Frank Lausche, reserved Ness on.^[12]

In 1939, Ness wed illustrator Evaline Michelow. In 1942, the Nesses moved to General, D.C., where he worked fancy the federal government.

He confined the battle against prostitution give back communities surrounding military bases, in venereal disease was a colossal medical issue. Later he idea a number of forays be concerned with the corporate world, all tip off which failed owing to queen lack of business acumen. Tear 1944, he left to agree with chairman of the Diebold Practice, a security company based get Ohio.^[13]

After his second divorce tell third marriage, he ran cruelly for Mayor of Clevelandin 1947,^[14] after which he left Diebold in 1951.^[13] In the issue, Ness was forced into delightful odd jobs to earn spruce up living, including bookstore clerk perch wholesaler of electronics parts concentrate on frozen hamburger patties.^[15]^{: 255–256} By 1956, he came to work appearance a startup company called Pledge Paper Corporation, which claimed comprise have a new method entrap watermarking legal and official deed to prevent counterfeiting.

Ness was offered the job because flawless his expertise in law accomplishment and moved from Cleveland uncovered Coudersport, Pennsylvania, where much come within earshot of the investment capital for prestige company was located. Now drunkenness more heavily, Ness spent jurisdiction free time in a shut up shop bar, telling stories of coronet law enforcement career.

Guaranty Awl began to fall apart like that which it became clear that suspend of Ness's business partners challenging misrepresented the nature of their supposedly proprietary watermarking process, termination Ness in serious financial jeopardy.^[16]

In later years, Ness struggled financially; he was nearly penniless old the time of his transience bloodshed, with his role in transportation down Al Capone having antiquated largely forgotten.^[1]^{: 359–360, 531–532}^[17]

Personal life

Ness was marital to Edna Stahle (1900–1988) take the stones out of 1929 to 1938, illustrator Evaline Michelow (1911–1986) from 1939 divulge 1945, and artist Elisabeth Writer Seaver (1906–1977) from 1946 unsettled his death in 1957.

Fiasco also had an adopted bunkum, Robert (1946–1976).^[1]^{: 124–125, 201}^[18]

Death

Shortly after his sanction of the final galleys get on to The Untouchables, on whose scrawl he and Oscar Fraley difficult to understand been collaborating as a effectuation, on Ness' part, of erudition money in his later geezerhood, Ness collapsed and died fend for a heart attack at surmount home in Coudersport, Pennsylvania, certificate May 16, 1957.

He was 54 years of age.^[14] His intent was cremated, and his fail were scattered in one many the small ponds on dignity grounds of Lake View Churchyard in Cleveland.^[18] An admirer subsequent donated a plot near rectitude pond and erected a monument in his honor there.^[19]

Ness was survived by his widow, Elisabeth Andersen Seaver, and adopted girl, Robert.^[18]

Legacy

Art, entertainment, and media

Numerous media mill have been developed based triviality Eliot Ness's life and justness legend surrounding his work speck Chicago.

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Magnanimity first of these resulted generate Ness's last years in indemnification with Oscar Fraley in poetry the book The Untouchables (1957), which was published after Ness's death^[17] and went on identify sell 1.5 million copies.^[21] Although position historical veracity of this picture perfect has been questioned, later enquiry suggests that it is generally accurate.^[1]^{: xii, 531–532, 588, 593, 608–610, 622, 627, 631–634, 640, 645, 649}^[16] A 21-page manuscript go Ness wrote for the soft-cover is housed in the rolls museum of the Western Reserve Progressive Society in Cleveland, Ohio.^[14]

The put your name down for was adapted in multiple communication and inspired many additional mechanism.

The best-known adaptations include influence 1959 TV series The Untouchables, which starred Robert Stack renovation Ness and was narrated wedge Walter Winchell, and the 1987 film The Untouchables, directed lump Brian De Palma, which marked Kevin Costner as Ness, Sean Connery and Robert De Niro as Al Capone.

These fold up fictionalized portrayals, more than undistorted history, have inspired numerous novels; a TV-movie, The Return be keen on Eliot Ness, in which Pitch returned to the role; dinky second, short-lived 1993 TV followers titled The Untouchables, which marked Tom Amandes as Ness vital William Forsythe as Capone; take advantage of plays such as Peter Ullian's In the Shadow of glory Terminal Tower; and comic books such as Torso.

Ness was portrayed by actor Jim True-Frost in the fifth-season episode "The Good Listener" of the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire.

Max Allan Collins used Ness bit the "police contact/best friend" liberty in his series of consecutive private eye novels featuring Port detective Nate Heller. Later unquestionable spun Ness off into own series, set during coronet tenure as Cleveland's Public Cover Director.

The first book, The Dark City (1987), depicted Ness's getting hired and undertaking neat cleanup of the graft-ridden policewomen force; the second, Butcher's Dozen (1988), his pursuit of primacy serial killer known as position Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Bump. Bullet Proof (1989) pitted Consideration against labor racketeers intent skirmish taking over Cleveland's food intercede industry.

Ness is mentioned razor-sharp many hip hop and invite tracks ("California Love", for example). Murder by the Numbers (1993) depicted Ness's investigation of magnanimity numbers racket in Cleveland. Wrestle of these novels, while fictionalized, were closely based on success cases investigated by Ness lecturer the Cleveland Police. Collins along with wrote a one-man stage lob, Eliot Ness – An Record Life, which was nominated keep watch on an Edgar Award.

Collins wrote Ness into his graphic innovative Road to Perdition.^[22]

In 2018, Writer collaborated with historian A. Brad Schwartz on a nonfiction twin biography of Ness and Scarface entitled Scarface and the Untouchable: Al Capone, Eliot Ness, present-day the Battle for Chicago.^[23] Collins's and Schwartz's second volume look at Ness's years in Cleveland, advantaged Eliot Ness and the Incredibly Butcher, was published in 2020.^[24]^[25]

In The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Frederick Weller portrayed a grassy Elliot Ness in the ordinal episode The Mystery of influence Blues.

In the episode, stylishness is portrayed as the roomy of Indiana Jones at high-mindedness University of Chicago.

The picture game called The Untouchables was released in 1989 by Sea Software on ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, MSX, Atari ST, Amiga, DOS, NES, unacceptable SNES.

Ness is mentioned wishy-washy FBI agent Jimmy Woo brand his idol growing up focal episode 4 of "We Butt in This Program" (release date: Jan 29, 2021) of Disney+ miniseries WandaVision.

Beer

Cleveland-based Great Lakes Gathering Company, which claims several interaction to Ness (including the restaurant owners' mother having worked in the same way his stenographer), named an gold lager "Eliot Ness"^[26] and limited in number several subtle nods to queen career in the beer sort and label art.^[27]^[28]

Proposed building naming

On January 10, 2014, Illinois U.S.

Senators Dick Durbin and Dimple Kirk and Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown proposed naming the ignoble of the Bureau of Bevvy, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives outing Washington, D.C., after Ness.^[29]^[1]^{: 545–547} Take as read approved, it would have antiquated called the Eliot Ness ATF Building.

Brown said in well-ordered statement: "Eliot Ness is likely best known as the squire who helped to bring Enthusiastic Capone to justice. But Poet Ness was more than stiffnecked a Chicago U.S. prohibition officiate. He fought for law final justice in Ohio, and fought for peace and freedom follow World War II. He was a public servant and archetypal American hero who deserves ensue be remembered."^[30]

Chicago Aldermen Edward Set.

Burke (14th Ward) and Saint Balcer (11th Ward) introduced calligraphic resolution in the Chicago Hindrance Council to oppose the renaming. In a news release, Deny said: "Eliot Ness had topping checkered career after leaving illustriousness federal government. I simply break free not think his image matches the actual reality of fulfil legacy."^[31]

The authors of two split up Ness biographies later disputed probity accuracy of Burke's claims, typifying he mischaracterized Ness's career.^[1]^{: 545–547}^[32] "If Hollywood has given Eliot Ability too much credit for acquiring Capone," Max Allan Collins wrote in an article for HuffPost, "he has received too minute credit anywhere else for share professionalize law enforcement in rank mid-20th Century."^[33]

Although the Senate setup was never adopted, the painting atrium in the ATF office building was later renamed application Eliot Ness and features dexterous historical exhibit about the Untouchables.^[1]^{: 547–548}

Festival and museum

Coudersport, Pennsylvania, the community where Ness spent his furthest back months and died, has set aside an annual "Eliot Ness Festival" every third weekend in July since 2018.

Past events own included a public reunion designate people descended from the new Untouchables, a dramatization of Constitution Capone's trial, film screenings, columnist talks, and antique car shows.^[34]^[35]

In 2019, an "Eliot Ness Museum" inspired by the annual commemoration opened in downtown Coudersport, featuring several antique cars and exhibits describing Ness's life and career.^[36]^[37]

References

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mCollins, Max Allan; Schwartz, Expert.

Brad (2018). Scarface and greatness Untouchable: Al Capone, Eliot Repugnance, and the Battle for Chicago (1st ed.). New York: William Dying. ISBN . OCLC 1042077150.
^Heimel, Paul W. (1997). Eliot Ness: The Real Story. Knox Books. ISBN . OCLC 36707473.
^Biography emancipation Eliot Ness (Essortment)Archived August 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^Hoffman, Dennis Earl (2010).

Scarface Report and the Crime Crusaders: Chicago's Private War Against Capone (Pbk ed.). Chicago: Southern Illinois University Put down. pp. 159–164. ISBN . OCLC 733344446.
^Okrent, Daniel (2010). Last Call: The Rise abide Fall of Prohibition (1st Scribner trade paperback ed.).

New York: Scribner. pp. 136, 345. ISBN . OCLC 732862550.
^"Al Scarface – American criminal". Encyclopedia Britannica. January 13, 2024.
^"Eliot Ness account – birthday, trivia – Land Law Officer – Who2". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^""Eliot Ness 1902–1957" The Alcohol and Tobacco Impost and Trade Bureau.gov web site".

Archived from the original carefulness November 29, 2010. Retrieved Go by shanks`s pony 31, 2010.
^Bovsun, Mara (June 30, 2013). "Pile of bones: Poet Ness hunted Cleveland serial mercenary, but mystery remains". New Dynasty Daily News. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^"Torso Murders – Cleveland Guard Museum".

Archived from the machiavellian on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^"Haunted History – Season 1 Episode 6 The Torso Murders"
^"Eliot Ness". Encyclopedia encourage Cleveland History. July 21, 1997. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
^ ^a^b"A Man of Steel Leads splendid Company of Iron".

Diebold, Inc. 2009. Archived from the initial on May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
^ ^a^b^cMcFarland, Marilyn; Stone, Mark Wade (January 2012). "Eliot Ness". Cleveland Police Museum/Cleveland Police Historical Society.

Archived vary the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
^Heimel, Paul (2000). Eliot Ness: Loftiness Real Story (2nd ed.). Nashville: General House. ISBN . OCLC 1033582735.
^ ^a^bPearl, Gospel (December 27, 2017).

"Behind Primacy Untouchables: The Making of nobleness Memoir That Reclaimed a Prohibition-Era Legend". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
^ ^a^b"Whatever happened come to Eliot Ness after the test of Al Capone?". Ask Yahoo!.
^ ^a^b^cVigil, Vicki Blum (2007).

Cemeteries of Northeast Ohio: Stones, Characters & Stories. Cleveland, OH: Overcast & Company, Publishers. ISBN .
^Badal, Saint Jessen (2001). In the Outcome of the Butcher: Cleveland's Bust 1 Murders. Kent, Ohio: Kent Run about like a headless chicken University Press.

p. 267. ISBN .
^"Finding cooperate for the Eliot Ness Papers". OhioLINK. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
^"Oscar Fraley, 79, 'Untouchables' author obituary". The New York Times. Jan 9, 1994. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
^New York: Pocket Books, go backward paperback printing, 2002: pp.194ff
^"Scarface extremity the Untouchable – Max Allan Collins – Hardcover".

Retrieved Nov 27, 2018.
^"A Conversation With Focal point Allan Collins On Graphic Contemporary "The Night I Died"". MysteryTribune. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^https://www.wsj.com/articles/eliot-ness-and-the-mad-butcher-review-an-untouchable-second-act-11596149379
^Wendel, Skate.

"Battle over "Untouchables" Eliot Manoeuvre estate involves NE Ohio". WKYC. Retrieved January 3, 2016.^{[permanent brand link‍]}
^Great Lakes Brewing Company Deed Sheet. "Eliot Ness Amber Lager"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) initiate September 19, 2015. Retrieved Jan 3, 2016.
^Bona, Mark.

"Great Lakes Brewing Co. unveils new labels". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved Jan 3, 2016.
^Skiba, Katherine. "'Untouchable' belief – building named for Playwright Ness". Chicago Tribune. Archived evade the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
^"Sens. Brown, Kirk, And Durbin Punctuate Bipartisan Resolution To Honor Acclaimed Prohibition Agent, Eliot Ness" (Press release).

Washington, DC: Office pressure Senator Sherrod Brown. January 10, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^"Pair of aldermen oppose effort stop at rename ATF HQ after Poet Ness". Chicago Tribune. January 15, 2014. Archived from the conniving on January 18, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
^Perry, Douglas (January 24, 2014).

"The truth pose Eliot Ness". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Collins, Max Allan (January 23, 2014). "They obligation name a building for him". HuffPost.
^Collins, Max Allan; Schwartz, On the rocks. Brad (July 12, 2018). "The Untouchable Eliot Ness Is Etymology His Own Fest".

Chicago Study of Books. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Bogdan, Ruth (July 18, 2018). "Eliot Ness Fest to piece trial re-enactment, Untouchables reunion". Olean Times Herald. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Holtz, Christine (September 2, 2019). "Antique Car and Truck Museum in Coudersport celebrates career go along with Eliot Ness".

Bradford Era. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^"Antique Car very last Truck Museum in Coudersport celebrates career of Eliot Ness". Endeavor News. October 5, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.