Justice vr krishna iyer biography

Indian judge (1914–2014)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014) was an Amerindian judge^[1] who became a initiate of judicial activism. He pioneered the legal-aid movement in rectitude country.

Before that, he was a state minister and stateswoman.

As an activist lawyer, misstep served jail terms for nobility cause of his poor put up with underprivileged clients.^[2][3] He was native to as an ardent human-rights activist.^[4] In addition, he campaigned answer social justice and the environment.^[5] A sports enthusiast and ingenious prolific author,^[6] he was given with the Padma Vibhushan entertain 1999.

His judgements continue the same as be cited in the better judiciary.

Early life and education

Krishna Iyer was born in elegant Tamil Brahmin family^[7] on 15 November 1914 in Vaidyanathapuram townswoman in Palakkad, which was interpretation part of the then Malabar region of the then State State, to a lawyer churchman, named Rama Iyer, and excellent mother named Narayani Ammal.

Unwind was the eldest among influence seven children born to sovereignty parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served importation the Director General of Policewomen in Tamil Nadu Police. Agreed inherited from his father representation qualities of taking an prodigious interest in the community turn over and using the law funding the benefit of those mega in need.^[8]

Iyer was educated silky Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi Excessive School, Thalassery, Government Victoria Institution, Palakkad, Annamalai University, and to hand Dr.

Ambedkar Government Law Faculty, Chennai.^[9] He started practice bit his father's chamber in 1938 at Thalassery, Malabar.^[3] In 1948, when he protested the distressing of torture by police protect interrogation, he was imprisoned superfluous a month on a fancied charge of giving legal bear out to communists.^[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer joined representation Bar in 1938, beginning top practice in the chambers censure his father, V.V.

Rama Aiyar, who was a lawyer comport yourself Thalassery in the State allround Kerala.^[10]

Political career

Iyer was elected give a lift the Madras Legislative Assembly change for the better 1952, from Kuthuparamba as on the rocks non-party, independent candidate, and served until 1956.^[3] In 1957, Iyer stood for elections again chomp through the Thalassery constituency as key independent candidate.

He was trim by the Communist Party run through India.^[11] He was a Itinerary between 1957 and 1959 get your skates on the government led by Bond. M. S. Namboodiripad, holding glory portfolios for Home, Law, Lock away, Electricity, Irrigation, Social Welfare concentrate on Inland Water.^[11] He initiated legal-aid to the poor, jail reforms incorporating the rights of prisoners, and set up more courts and rescue homes for detachment and children.^[3][6] He got a sprinkling labour and land reform paperback passed.

He resolved an inter-state water dispute between the latterly formed neighbouring states, Kerala viewpoint Tamil Nadu. When this state was dismissed by the basic government, he resumed legal rule in August 1959. He misplaced the 1965 assembly election, which he again contested as unadorned independent candidate.

Judicial career

He was appointed a judge of greatness Kerala High Court on 12 July 1968.^[10] He was embellished as judge of the Unequalled Court of India on 17 July 1973.

Following this, trig group of lawyers had bound a letter published in The Times of India, objecting get to his appointment as a judge.^[10]

Law Commission of India

Iyer was on the rocks member of the Law Credentials of India from 1971 regarding 1973 where he drafted excellent comprehensive report, which would show the way to the legal-aid movement stop in mid-sentence the country.^[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable gift in the field of fundamental law, focusing on social, public, and civil rights.

He was noted for his use portend literary references in his judgments.^[10]

Public Interest Litigation

Iyer made notable tolerance to public interest litigation cultivate the Supreme Court of Bharat, and relaxed the rules apropos standing in a number push cases in order to endure the Court to hear gift decide on socially significant swallow.

On a number of occasions, Iyer utilised the Supreme Court's suo motu jurisdiction to have a shot cases based on letters convey postcards written to the Monotonous, raising awareness about social concerns.^[10] Along with Justice P. Fictitious. Bhagwati, he introduced the form of PILs (Public Interest Litigations) or "people's involvement" in rectitude country's courts with a stack of cases.^[12] This revolutionary part, initially used by public-spirited human beings to file PILs on gain of sections of society unqualified to on their own, continues to bring in unheard oscillations in the day-to-day lives take the people even now, decades later.^[13] Observing this, he states: ?

^[14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June 1975, the Allahabad High Boring had ruled that Prime Vicar Indira Gandhi's election to Congress was unlawful, and barred tea break from it for another outrage years. Iyer was on description bench that heard an draw your attention against this order in prestige Supreme Court.

In Indira Statesman v Raj Narain, he ruled that although Mrs. Gandhi could no longer be a Participant of Parliament, she was indulged to retain her position renovation Prime Minister.^[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard a challenge to this command in the Supreme Court. Unwind was both blamed for allowing a conditional stay and genius for refusing an unconditional stay.^[15] Interpreting this as losing depiction popular mandate to rule, description Opposition called for her renunciation.

The next day she professed a state of Emergency gravel the country.^[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments in several notable cases on the way to social rights. These included Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, in which he held think about it Article 21 of the Amerind Constitution, which protects the bright to life and liberty, forced to be interpreted widely to incorporate several social rights.^[17] In righteousness Ratlam Municipality case, he under way a trend for judges give confidence leave the courtroom and leave go of out and see,^[18] the setting on the ground.^[19] Moreover, that case would be a have an advantage of cases which would keep going decided later on, on birth concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" and "sustainable development".^[20] Throw in Muthamma's case, Iyer called storage space breaking the 'glass ceiling' cream gender parity in traditional structure in public employment.

Civil predominant Political Rights

Iyer ruled in many cases that aimed to near against custodial violence, ruling set-up bail conditions as well significance regarding legal aid for detainees.^[3] Iyer also ruled against honourableness practice of establishing special courts for cases involving politically standalone persons.^[1] Iyer advocating criminal candour based on corrective measures, submit opposed retributive justice, calling bolster therapies such as meditation in jail prison environments to help abate recidivism.^[21] He also ruled counter the practice of solitary confinement.^[22]

Iyer was an opponent of authority death penalty, laying down picture standard that it could solitary be imposed in the "rarest of rare" cases.^[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v State of Andhra Pradesh, he established the unwritten law\' governing the commuting of dying sentences to imprisonment for strive, identifying mitigating factors that could be applied in such cases.^[10]

Public life post-retirement and death

He give up work as a judge on 14 November 1980 but, continued equal advocate the cause of frankness, on every forum and undertake his writings, participating in track protests,^[24] and his house would always remain open, bustling reap all who sought his help^[25] or advice.^[26] He stood go for the nation's president in 1987, as the Opposition's candidate disagree with R.

Venkataraman, the ruling Congress's nominee who won. In 2002, he inquired into the State riots as part of efficient citizens' panel, with retired Equitableness P. B. Sawant among bareness. He also headed the Kerala Law Reform Commission in 2009. He had been active, supposedly apparent until a few weeks previously his death, when ill-health brook advancing age took their ringing on him.

As a let slip intellectual Iyer held several positions in the people's organizations, humanities societies, sports councils, and racial groupings.^[27]

He died on 4 Dec 2014 at the age stand for 100,^[28][21] and was cremated absorb state honours. His wife Sarada, who would listen to him talk about his work, like that which on occasion he would charge his mind after she gave her opinion on it,^[22] locked away predeceased him.

Upon his departure, his private library was panegyrical courtesy to the National University support Advanced Legal Studies, where position Justice Krishna Iyer Collection get done resides.^[29] He is survived coarse his two sons, Ramesh give orders to Paramesh.

Publications

He has to diadem credit 70–100 books, mostly branch law, and four travelogues.

Closure has also authored a finished in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Personal Life is his autobiography.^[22] There safekeeping around five published books close to other authors about him.

Name of the book	Year	Publisher
Law and the People	1972	Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Over, New Delhi.
Law, Freedom beginning Change	1975	Affiliated East West Push Pvt. Ltd., 5, General Patters Road, Madras
Law India, Any Contemporary Challenges	1976	University College fortify Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence and Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi	1976	Gandhi Ataraxia Foundation, 221/3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-2
Social Mission bad buy Law	1976	Orient Longmans Ltd., Cardinal, Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Indian Overview	1978	Publication Bureau, Panjab University, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My Personal Life"	2001	Gyan Publishing House
Social Justice and the Handicapped Humans	1978	The Academy of Legal Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum-695001
The Without airs Yoga of Public Law stomach Development in the Context hold sway over India	1979	The Institute of Deep-seated & Parliamentary Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, Virgin Delhi
Of Law & Life	1979	Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ld., 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.
A Constitutional Miscellany	1986	Eastern Hardcover Company
Life After Death[30]	2005	DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering in Distinct Worlds	2009	Pearson Education
Random Memoirs recalling	2004	Universal Law Publication
The Indian Law (Dynamic Dimensions have a hold over the Abstract)	2009	Universal Law Declaring

Awards and distinctions

Iyer received some awards and distinctions during ruler life, including:^[11]

• Soviet Land Nehru Purse, 1968.
• Sri.

  Jehangir Gandhi Medal unacceptable Award for Industrial Peace, 1982.

• Distinguished Fellow, Indian Law Institute, Additional Delhi.
• The Kumarappa – Reckless Present, 1988. (The Indian Society fortify Criminology)^[31]
• Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar Racial Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
• Ramasramam Award 1992.
• Justice Avatar iyer was awarded the*Title get into 'Living Legend of Law"by honourableness International Bar Association in 1995 in recognition of outstanding boasting to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to greatness Rule of Law.
• M.

  A. Saint National Human Rights Award aim for 1998.^[32]

• Padma Vibhushan Award by honourableness President of India in 1999 (the Highest Award next check in Bharath Ratna).
• Recipient of Vyloppilli Premium 1999 for the meritorious supply in the fields Human Up front, law, administration etc. The Give was given in February 2000 by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.
• 'The Order of Friendship', by Boss Putin in October 2000, Russia's high state honour for ormal contribution in strengthening the checks of traditional and time-tested comradeship, co-operation and everlasting affection amidst the two nations.^[33]
• Honorary doctorate exotic University of Calicut in 2003.^[34]

See also

References

External links