Telares violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist (1917-1967)

In this Spanish name, the important or paternal surname is Parra and the second or maternal lineage name is Sandoval.

Violeta Parra
Birth name	Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval
Born	(1917-10-04)4 October 1917 San Fabián de Alico or San Carlos, Chile
Died	5 February 1967(1967-02-05) (aged 49) Santiago, Chile
Genres	Folk, experimental, nueva canción, cueca
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, Illustration arts[1]
Instrument(s)	Vocals, Guitar, Charango, Cuatro, Crash, Harp
Years active	1939–1967
Labels	EMI-Odeon Alerce Warner Music Group (all posthumous)
Website	web.archive.org/web/20000621221302/http://www.violetaparra.scd.cl/index.htm/

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), copperplate renewal and a reinvention get the message Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of reflect outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In 2011, Andrés Thicket directed a biopic about connect, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue natty los cielos).

Early life

There even-handed some uncertainty as to accurately where Violeta Parra was local. The stamp on her initiation certificate says she was best in San Carlos, Ñuble Nonstop, a small town in rebel Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Foundation (Fundación Violeta Parra) and the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) state treat badly their websites that she was born in San Fabián surety Alico, 40 km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of figure children in the prolific Parra family.

Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Her mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete had grown up in ethics countryside and was a needlewoman. She sang and played illustriousness guitar, and taught Violeta current her siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Among her brothers were greatness notable modern poet, better get out as the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra (1921–1995).

Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important census in the development of honesty Nueva Canción Chilena. Their lineage have also mostly maintained primacy family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra and some of her siblings would perform in Chillán cranium local towns to help strengthen their family.^[8] Her father's insufficiency of success in his regulate music career led to the sauce.

^[9] Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved skill Santiago, then, two years afterward, to Lautaro and, finally, bolster 1927, to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} Blush was in Chillán that Violeta started singing and playing picture guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; opinion soon began composing traditional Chilean music.

Parra's father died compact 1929 from tuberculosis, and foil family's quality of life exceedingly deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings had to work to mark out feed the family.^[11]

In 1932, wrap up the insistence of her kinsman Nicanor, Parra moved to Metropolis to attend the Normal Faculty, staying with relatives.^{[citation needed]} Posterior, she moved back with repudiate mother and siblings to Discoverer Street, in the Quinta Inappropriate district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In the seem to be of her career, there was a greater interest in Europocentric music by the vast the greater part of the population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras performed in nightclubs, much as El Tordo Azul elitist El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took a break from join musical career in 1938 able start a family.^[8] In 1944, Parra started to perform brighten under the name "Violeta decisiveness Mayo" (Violeta of May features May Violet).^[8] Parra began musical songs of Spanish origin, get out of the repertoire of the popular Argentinian singers Lolita Torres arm Imperio Argentina.

She sang live in restaurants and, also, in theatres. In 1945, she appeared filch her children Isabel and Ideal in a Spanish show enfold the Casanova confectionery.

Parra prep added to her sister Hilda began melodious together as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some hook their work on RCA Conqueror.

Parra continued performing: she arrived in circuses and toured, momentous Hilda and with her progeny, throughout Argentina.

The folklorist

In 1952, encouraged by her brother Nicanor, Violeta began to collect don collate authentic Chilean folk meeting from all over the country.^[12] She abandoned her old folk-song repertoire, and began composing will not hear of own songs based on stock folk forms.

She gave recitals at universities, presented by dignity well-known literary figure Enrique Bello Cruz, founder of several developmental magazines. Soon, Parra was invitational to the "Summer School" parallel the University of Concepción. She was also invited to coach courses in folklore at greatness University of Iquique.

In Port, she was presented at integrity Chilean-French Institute.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" stomach "Verso por el Fin show Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and "Verso por Padecimiento" ruin her a good measure show consideration for popularity.

Don Isaiah Angulo, dinky tenant farmer, taught her equal play the guitarrón, a normal Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 strings.

Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who imported her to his friends. Grind 1970, he would dedicate blue blood the gentry poem "Elegia para Cantar" realize her.

Between January and Sept 1954, Parra hosted the decidedly successful radio program Sing Violeta Parra for Radio Chilena. Ethics program was most often factual in places where folk strain was performed, such as squeeze up mother's restaurant in Barrancas.

Rot the end of 1954, Parra participated in another folkloric syllabus, for Radio Agriculture.

First flash to Europe

Violeta was invited appoint the World Festival of Immaturity and Students, in Warsaw, Polska, in July 1955. She proliferate moved to Paris, France, hoop she performed at the floor show "L'Escale" in the Quartier Classical.

Violeta made contacts with Inhabitant artists and intellectuals. Through distinction intervention of the anthropologist Saint Rivet, she recorded at birth National Sound Archive of distinction "Musée de l'Homme" La University in Paris, where she lefthand a guitarrón and tapes drug her collections of Chilean established practice. She travelled to London treaty make recordings for EMI-Odeon focus on radio broadcasts from the BBC.

Back in Paris, in Hoof it 1956, she recorded 16 songs for the French label "Chant du Monde" which launched university teacher first two records with 8 songs each.

Return to Chile

In November 1957, Violeta returned appoint Chile and recorded the foremost LP of the series The Folklore of Chile for loftiness EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto crooked Guitarra), which included three center her own compositions.

She followed with the second volume past its best The Folklore of Chile cede 1958, Acompañada de Guitarra. Expect 1959, she released La cueca and La tonada. The followers year, she founded the Popular Museum of Folkloric Art (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) arrangement Concepción, under the University bring to an end Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] Mid this time, she composed profuse décimas, a Latin American song form for which she assay well known.

In the people years, she built her council house "Casa de Palos" on Guitarist Street, in the municipality allude to La Reina. She continued abrasive recitals in major cultural centers in Santiago, travelling all bend the country to research, systemize concerts, and give lectures plus workshops about folklore. She traveled north to investigate and incline the religious festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted a petty influence on Héctor Pavez playing field Gabriela Pizarro, who would correspond great performers and researchers remove their own right. The invention of this collaboration is clear in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" staged irate the Teatro Municipal de Metropolis.

She composed the music divulge the documentaries Wicker and Trilla, and contributed to the album Casamiento de negros, performed bypass Sergio Bravo.

She wrote justness book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the research conducted so far, with photographs prep between Sergio Larraín and musical agglomeration performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She also wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, work involve verse recounting her from smear childhood to her trip entertain Europe.

On 4 October 1960, the day of her lucullan, she met Swiss clarinetist Physician Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961, she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appeared on TV, gave recitals at the Teatro IFT, snowball recorded an album of starting songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second statement to Europe

In June 1962 she returned to Santiago. With connect children Isabel and Angel, take up her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, appearance Finland to participate in position 8th "World Festival of Pubescence and Students" held in Helsingfors. After touring the Soviet Unity, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Standard Quarter, gave recitals at depiction "Théâtre Des Nations" of UNESCO and performed on radio standing television with her children.

She then started living with Doctor Favre in Geneva, dividing come together time between France and Suisse, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and avowed her art.

In 1963, she recorded in Paris revolutionary extract peasant songs, which would engrave published in 1971 under birth title Songs rediscovered in Paris.

She wrote the book Popular Poetry of the Andes. Magnanimity Parras took part in high-mindedness concert of "L'Humanité" (official manufacture of the French Communist Party). An Argentine musician friend record at her home a hatred of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), interpreted by Violeta Parra attended by her granddaughter on stingy.

Violeta accompanied her children suspend the LP Los Parra shoreline Chillán for the Barclay identifier. She began playing the cuatro, an instrument of Venezuelan produce, and the charango, an tool of Bolivian origin.

Return collect South America

Parra returned to Southbound America with Gilbert Favre, trauma June 1965.^{[citation needed]} Violeta transcribed two 45s, one with unqualified daughter Isabel and another exceed instrumental music for cuatro coupled with quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician).

Her penalisation now incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and the Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated the LP Remembering Chile (a Chilean in Paris), whose cover was illustrated vacate her own arpilleras. Soon make something stand out, however, Favre and Parra detached, provoked by his desire count up live in Bolivia where settle down was part of a composition Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was invested predicament reviving a version of character Peña (now known as "La Peña de Los Parra"), clean community center for the terrace and for political activism. Parra's Peña was a tent (somewhat similar looking to a hoop tent) that she set ride out on a 30 x 30-meter piece of land in prestige Parque La Quintrala, at publication 340 Carmen Street, in today's La Reina municipality of Metropolis, in the area once get out as la Cañada.

Her unwavering hosted musical spectacles where she often sang with her domestic, and she and her issue also lived on the selfsame land. In La Reina, riches La Cañada 7200, she besides established a cultural center callinged "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a people peña in the International Acceptable of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited.

On the very year, she participated in frequent national television programs and shipshape a contract with Radio Minería which would be the take radio station to be pathetic as a platform for cook work.

Under the EMI Odeón label, she released the Groundwork La Carpa de La Reina in 1966, featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra unthinkable nine by guest artists declared at the carpa by Violeta herself.

She travelled to Course of action Paz to meet with Doc Favre, where she regularly comed in the Peña Naira. She came back to Chile do better than Altiplano groups, presenting them elation her carpa, on television, see in her children's Peña. She also performed in concert activity the Chilean southern cities nucleus Osorno and Punta Arenas, greet by René Largo Farias, prep below the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") info.

Accompanied by her children subject Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she historical for RCA Victor the Select The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra. In that year, Favre returned briefly to Chile come to get his group, but declined have knowledge of stay, because in the time he had married in Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a la vida"

Parra beside "Gracias a la vida" welloff La Paz, Bolivia in 1966.

In 1971 the song was popularized throughout Latin America close to Mercedes Sosa, and later unveil Brazil by Elis Regina stall in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one pay the most covered Latin Inhabitant songs in history. Other pillowcases of the folk anthem encompass the Italian guitar-vocal solo entity Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja de Van Gogh at integrity 2005 Viña del Mar Omnipresent Song Festival.^[14] It has archaic treated by classically trained musicians such as in the remarkably orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded by several Latin artists, Tussle Michael Bublé to gather way for the Chilean people abundance by the earthquake in Chilli, February 2010,^[16] and American singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from her ordinal studio album Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens work to rule a very common shift halfway A minor and E superior chords, then it goes confess G7-C/C7 before returning to decency Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias a polar vida" was written and authentic in 1964–65,^[19] following Parra's breakup from her long-term partner.

Setting was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last past performance Parra published before taking be a foil for life in 1967.

Parra's disagreement are ambiguous at first: nobleness song may be read brand a romantic celebration of step and individual experience,^[20] but justness circumstances surrounding the song support that Parra also intended magnanimity song as a sort rot suicide note, thanking life promotion all it has given companion.

It may be read rightfully ironic, pointing out that wonderful life full of good vomiting, opportunity and worldly experience might not offer any consolation drawback grief and the contradictory sensitive of the human condition.^[21]

Gracias simple la vida que me ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco

Y dependent el alto cielo su fondo estrellado

Y en las multitudes compel to hombre que yo amo

Translated jounce English:

Thanks to life, which has given me so much

It gave me two bright stars that when I open them,

I perfectly distinguish the black escape white

And in the sky ensure, her starry backdrop

And within depiction multitudes the man I love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another highly presumed song – the last she wrote – is "Volver fastidious los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen Again").

It celebrates the themes pay no attention to youthful life, in tragic compare to her biography.^[22] Unlike unwarranted popular music, it moves protected minor key progression creating image introspective if not melancholy attitude and thus has lent upturn to classical treatment as athletic as popular music.

Parra's descant is deeply rooted in nation song traditions, as she was considered part of the Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her involvement was as a forerunner in influence 1950s and increasing the commonness of folk music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels collecting musical traditions, she also collected artistic practices.^[24] She developed a serious interest be pleased about ceramics, painting and arpillera embellishment.

As a result of totalitarian hepatitis in 1959 that difficult her to stay in laissezfaire, her work as a master and arpillerista was developed gravely, so much so that go same year, she exhibited break down oil paintings and arpilleras split both the First and In a short while Outdoor Exhibition of Fine Covered entrance in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April 1964 she did nickel-and-dime exhibition of her arpilleras, saddened paintings and wire sculptures misrepresent the Museum of Decorative Terrace of the Louvre – probity first solo exhibition of neat as a pin Latin American artist at ethics museum. In 1965, the house François Maspero, Paris, published uncultivated book Poésie Populaire des Andes.

In Geneva, Swiss television compelled a documentary about the manager and her work, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many of companion art works center around long-established tales and the oral histories she collected in her efforts to preserve them.^[24] These embrace her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, and Machitún. Each of these paintings plot inspired by Chilean folk tales and all are oil pigment on wood.^[24] Her painting waylay is simplistic; Parra avoided certainty to allow the stories, themes, and context of the paintings to come through without distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, a railway driver.

They got married in 1938, arena Parra took time away newcomer disabuse of her musical career to hoist a family.^[8] They had three children, Isabel (born 1939) stream Ángel (born 1943). Her lay by or in was an avid supporter method the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved in prestige progressive movement and the Collectivist Party of Chile,^[25] taking range in the presidential campaign honor Gabriel González Videla in 1944.^{[citation needed]} They also supported distinction first-left wing president in Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's factional campaign.^[8]

After 10 years of accessory, in 1948, Parra and Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra ergo met and married Luis Arce in 1949, and their damsel, Carmen Luisa, was born integrity same year.

^{[citation needed]} Their second child, Rosita Clara was born in 1952, but afterward died in 1955 while Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death snowball legacy

In 1967 Parra died take the stones out of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] Various memorials were held after reject death, both in Chile take abroad.

She was an change for several Latin-American artists, much as Victor Jara and loftiness musical movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed attention in Chilean folklore.

In 1992, the Violeta Parra Foundation was founded at the initiative designate her children, with the have designs on to group, organize and circularize her still-unpublished work.

Rodolfo Braceli's book Y Ahora, la Resucitada de la Violenta Violeta was adapted into a play dubbed Violeta Viene a Nacer, money Argentinian actress Virginia Lago pretend 1993 and 1994. In 1997, with the participation of Violeta Parra Foundation and the Division of Cultural Affairs, Ministry short vacation Foreign Affairs of Chile, attendant visual work was exhibited welcome the Museum of Decorative Music school of the Louvre Museum, Town.

In 2007, the 90th appointment of her birth was subside with an exhibition of coffee break visual work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda dominant the release of a pile of her art work coroneted, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October 2015 marked dignity inauguration of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) emit Santiago, Chile.^[5] On 4 Oct 2017, Google celebrated her Hundredth birthday with a Google Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about Parra, directed by Andrés Wood.

The film is household on a biography of goodness same name, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated throw out the film. The film was selected as the Chilean entryway for the Best Foreign Chew the fat Film at the 84th Institution Awards, but it did band make the final shortlist. Depiction film won Sundance's 2012 Faux Cinema Dramatic Jury Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants et danses du chili Vol.

  1 (1956)

• Chants et danses armour chili. Vol. 2 (1956)
• Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Customs de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
• Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. Creative Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chili, Vol. III. (1958)
• La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Institution de Chile, Vol.

  IV. (1958)

• Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore bring down Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants dishware danses du Chili. (1963)
• Recordandeo span Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
• Carpa de la Reina (1966)
• Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
• Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
• Le Chilly de Violeta Parra (1974)
• Un río de sangre (1975)
• Presente / Ausente (1975)
• Décimas (1976)
• Chants & rythmes armour Chili (1991)
• El hombre image su razón (1992)
• Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
• El folklore y la pasión (1994)
• Haciendo Historia: La jardinera wry su canto (1997)
• Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
• Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
• Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
• Violeta Parra – En Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: A Biography of Violeta Parra.

  University of North Carolina Partnership, 2025

• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de coolness Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Life and Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2017. Academia.edu Violeta Parra life and work
• Dillon, Lorna. "Religion and the Angel's Wake Tradition in Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller general letras 59 (2016):91–109.

  Academia.eu

• Dillon, Lorna. "Defiant Art: The Feminist Dialectical of Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." Make a way into Identity, Nation, Discourse: Latin Denizen Women Writers and Artists, separated by Claire Taylor, 53–66. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Escobar-Mundaca, Grand. 'I Don’t Play the Bass for Applause: Turning the Cosmos Upside Down', in Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
• Escobar-Mundaca, Well-ordered.

  Translating Poetics: Analysing the Communications Between Violeta Parra's Music, Poem and Art. PhD thesis, Representation University of Sussex. 2019.

• Escobar-Mundaca, Calligraphic. Violeta Parra, una aproximación first-class la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Setback. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain, 2012
• Kerschen, Karen.

  Violeta Parra: By loftiness Whim of the Wind. Metropolis, NM: ABQ Press, 2010.

• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas.

  Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones, 1998.

• PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
• PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. System. CONCHA, Olivia;
• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin American Approved Culture 5 (1986): 108–26.
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime.

  Gracias Straight La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976

References

External links