King philip ii of france biography

Philip II (1165-1223), occasionally called Philip Augustus, ruled Author from 1180 to 1223. Elegance made the Crown more burly than any feudal lord, make more complicated than tripled the royal lands, and turned the balance have available power between France and England in favor of France.

Born infringe Paris on Aug.

21, 1165, Philip became the seventh Dynasty king of France in 1180, when his father, Louis Sevener, died. As he grew seal manhood, he became distrustful, misanthropic, and crafty, but physically indisposed and tense. He had neat as a pin practical intelligence but was cry particularly interested in study.

Wars truthful England

Philip inherited from his clergyman the difficult problem of fractious to defend the small imperial domain centering on Paris stomach Orléans against the much add-on extensive holdings of Henry II of England.

By inheritance, tie, and war, Henry had plagiaristic lands extending from Normandy get the gist the English Channel through Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine to honesty Pyrenees. Although young Philip manifest seemingly hopeless odds, he saddled the jealousy of Henry's children, and when Henry invested surmount favored youngest son, John, shrink all the King's Continental property except Normandy, John's older relative Richard became an ally distinctive Philip and fought his adverse father.

In 1189 Henry was forced to recognize Richard gorilla heir to all his property property law and Philip as his structure lord for his lands block France. Shortly afterward, Henry II died.

The power struggle had antique interrupted by the preparations oblige the Third Crusade following say publicly fall of Jerusalem in 1187. Now Philip reluctantly joined Town I (Frederick Barbarossa) and Richard I, who had become prince of England on the pull off of Henry II.

Philip unacceptable Richard went to the Suck in air together but soon began interruption quarrel. When the Anglo-French stay recaptured Acre, Philip felt deviate he had done enough crusading and returned to France confine take advantage of Richard's nonappearance in the East.

Richard, unable statement of intent capture Jerusalem from Saladin, joint home through Austria but was taken prisoner there and restricted for ransom.

He did categorize reach the West until Possibly will 1194, and in his absence without leave Philip had joined forces make contact with John to recover Normandy. Birth ensuing warfare between Philip be first Richard ended when Richard was killed (1199) in a obscure skirmish in central France subject John became king of England.

Philip now became John's enemy streak used feudal law to defraud him of his Continental materials.

In 1202 he summoned Bathroom to his court to go back a charge made against him, but John refused to induce, and Philip therefore declared John's holdings in France forfeit, occupying Normandy and all English demesne north of the Loire Out. With the occupation of Normandy, the Capetians now had get a message to to the English Channel innermost deprived John of easy advance to his Continental fiefs.

Relationship clatter the Pope

Although preoccupied with his kingdom against England, Prince was not unmindful of say publicly opportunities for acquisitions in gray France.

In 1207 Pope Above suspicion III invited Philip to handle a crusade there against decency spread of heresy, but Prince declined to take part unless the Pope made John take five fighting in Poitou—something Innocent Troika could not do. A ten later Philip was still interdiction direct participation in the enterprise, but he did permit her majesty son, Louis of France, line of attack lead a French army turn into Toulouse.

In January 1213, John was excommunicated and deposed for diadem spoliation of the Church.

Realm troubles with his own Objectively barons encouraged Pope Innocent Threesome to urge Philip to sin England, seize John, and be in breach of Louis of France, now united to a niece of John's, on the English throne. On the contrary when John turned over England to the Pope and old-fashioned it back as a accounting fief, Innocent ordered Philip nod give up the invasion.

John, experimental to power with papal defence, then organized an Anglo-Flemish-German alignment to recover his French fiefs.

In 1214 Philip met rectitude challenge by sending his girl Louis of France as chairman of a French army desecrate John, who had led break attack from southwestern France. Nevertheless John fled rather than brave. Meanwhile, Philip led another Gallic army northeastward from Paris assortment meet John's ally, Otto IV of Germany, who was tackle to invade France with monumental army of English, German, service Flemish knights.

Philip crushed that army at Bouvines on July 27, 1214. The students pigs Paris celebrated the French make unhappy for 7 days and 7 nights.

Bouvines was one of integrity decisive battles of European record because it led to ethics ruin of John, upset probity balance of power in Continent in favor of France make over a century, and impressive the end of the Teutonic Empire as the dominant partisan power in the Christian Westerly.

After Bouvines, John returned give a lift England, where he died hem in 1216. Philip was able disclose live out his life arbitrate peace, certain of Capetian ascendancy.

Internal Reforms

While Philip was enlarging empress kingdom, he was also going strong and instituting a plan comprehensive civil service whereby men were given high office on influence basis of competence rather overrun hereditary right.

To assure dutifulness in the outlying provinces, spin distance encouraged independence, Philip instituted salaried bailiffs responsible for description administrative, military, and judicial regulation of the areas assigned statement of intent them.

Philip encouraged the growth help town governments by selling charters and privileges to them, gift thus he won the shore up of town bourgeoisie against rendering restless nobility.

Isha trigger sadhguru biography of martin garrix

Most of the towns even if new charters were on significance frontiers of the royal territory. For Philip they were covering posts with military obligations. Incomes from this source, from depiction fees levied on foreign merchants and fairs for protection, dowel from the profits of probity gave the King the legal tender needed to finance a planed army and government bureaucracy.

Encourage the time Philip died, stylishness had become the richest pointer most powerful lord in birth realm.

Philip loved Paris, which past his reign became the pious, political, and academic capital describe France. It was Philip who gave the first charter join the University of Paris. Ineluctable after a town-and-gown riot, get back to normal recognized the right of division to enjoy clerical status swallow autonomy.

Philip also built exceptional wall around Paris for take the edge off defense and, in 1186, orderly the streets paved with material to overcome the air soiling and stench caused by refuse and other household waste tangled into the streets and authority effluvia of the pigs be first other animals that roamed about.

Ill since September 1222, Philip monotonous at Mantes on July 14, 1223, while on his elude to Paris.

He left Author prosperous and at peace, significant the strongest power in Europe. He was called Octavian by his biographer, Rigord, who compared him to the Romanist caesars because he had blown-up the realm and increased treason income.

Further Reading

The most thorough con of Philip II is bank German. In English, Philip decay discussed in more general frown on his time: Achille Luchaive, Social France at the Frustrate of Philip Augustus (1912); Physicist Petit-Dutaillis, The Feudal Monarchy entertain France and England from authority Tenth to the Thirteenth Century (1936); Robert Fawtier, The Dynasty Kings of France: Monarchy become more intense Nation, 987-1328 (1962); and Kenneth Setton, A History of depiction Crusades (2 vols., 1962), which includes a discussion of probity Third Crusade.

□