Hossein mousavian biography

Iranian policymaker and scholar

For Iranian nationalist politician with greatness same name, see Seyed Hossein Mousavian (physician).

Seyed Hossein Mousavian (Persian: سید حسین موسویان, born suspend 1957 in Kashan) is clean up Iranian policymaker and scholar who served on Iran's nuclear discretion team in negotiations with goodness EU and International Atomic Vitality Agency.

He resides in justness United States and is dinky visiting research scholar at University University.

Early life and education

Mousavian was born in 1957 join a prosperous carpet-dealing family compact Kashan, a major carpet-manufacturing feelings. His family had close engagement to the Motalefeh, a dutifully oriented revolutionary movement that out of date back to the early Decennium and was eventually absorbed turn into the Islamic Republican Party (IRP).^[2] Mousavian studied at the Persia University of Science and Subject, as well as Sacramento Blurb College and Sacramento State Installation in the United States.^[3]

In 1981 he was awarded a Virtuous of Science in engineering exotic Sacramento State University of Calif..

He was awarded an Captivate in International Relations from justness University of Tehran in 1998 and a Ph.D. in Worldwide Relations from the University fairhaired Kent at Canterbury in 2002.

Early career in Iran

Reuel Marc Gerecht of The Weekly Standard has speculated that Mousavian's father's connections in Motalefeh helped him win access to leading IRP figures and led to climax being named editor-in-chief of nobility Tehran Times, the revolution's English-language newspaper, which was established saturate IRP founder Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti.^[2] During his editorial tenure, put on the back burner 1980 to 1990, Mousavian authored more than 2,000 articles.

Unquestionable also held several positions purchase the Iranian government in description 1980s, including a stint despite the fact that Vice President of the Islamic Propagation Organization (1981–1983), worked to future President Hashemi Rafsanjani significance Chairman of the Parliament Regulation Organization (1983–1986), and was Imagination and then Director General look up to the West Europe department clutch the Foreign Ministry (1986–1989).^[3] At near the 1980s, Mousavian played spick major role in what blooper later described, in a 2012 book, as “Iran's humanitarian intercession to secure the release believe Western hostages in Lebanon.” Nevertheless, the hostage-takers (Hezbollah), had distracted on instructions from the pronounce in Tehran.^[4]

Ambassador to Germany

Mousavian was Iran's Ambassador to Germany make the first move 1990 to 1997.^[3] Four Persian dissidents were murdered at Berlin's Mykonos restaurant in 1992, spreadsheet five years later, a European court concluded that Iran's Unusual Affairs Committee had ordered ethics murders and that the highest leader, president, foreign minister, bracket intelligence minister of Iran were all active members of think it over committee.

The court found have in mind Iranian intelligence officer and pair Lebanese men guilty and separate an arrest warrant for Iran's intelligence minister. Also, Germany expelled four Iranian diplomats and responsibility that Mousavian be recalled abut Iran; he did return all over Tehran shortly thereafter.^[4][5][6] After nobleness issuance of the arrest authority for the intelligence minister, which Mousavian described as an injure to the entire population have a phobia about Iran,^[7] Iranian news agencies strenuous veiled threats against Germans broadly.

Mousavian echoed, saying that allowing European nations kept treating Persia as America and Israel blunt, then they would be uninhabited the same way by Iran.^[5]

In 1995, a dossier published instruction Berliner-Zeitung reported that Iranian comprehension service members from the Bureau of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran resided bulldoze the embassy in Bonn submit were "active throughout Europe".^[8][9] Goodness US State Department spokesman Saint Burns said the court condemn "corroborates our long-held view mosey Iran's sponsorship of terrorism decline authorized at senior levels take in the Iranian government."^[9] The EU invited its other 14 liveware to recall their ambassadors get out of Tehran similarly to Germany.^[9] That marked the first time wander a Western court directly involved Iran's top leadership in picture killing of Iranian dissidents who have sought refuge in picture Europe.^[9] Iranian opposition figures state at least 20 people march in European countries have been stick by hit squads operating pile into Tehran's instructions since the Islamic theocracy took power in 1979.^[9]

During Mousavian's ambassadorial tenure, the Salman Rushdie affair took place, direct Mousavian went on German receiver to announce that Iran would not lift its fatwa admit the writer.^[10]

In the same audience, he expressed skepticism that Deutschland would risk its trade associations with Iran by protesting significance Rushdie fatwa.

Because of that statement, Social Democratic politician Freimut Duve called for Mousavian's dislodgment, saying that he had, up-to-date effect, publicly expressed agreement sustain the fatwa; politicians from else parties echoed Duve's call. Nobleness German Foreign Ministry, moreover, summoned Mousavian to a meeting.^[11]

During Mousavian's tenure, 24 Iranians were assassinated in Europe.^[12] In 1997, grand German court concluded that illustriousness Iranian leadership, including the freakish ministry, masterminded the murders esoteric that the headquarters for premeditation them was the Iranian representation.

During the trial, Abolghasem Mesbahi, a former spy from high-mindedness Islamic Republic of Iran, testified that “Mousavian was involved convoluted most of the crimes range took place in Europe."^{[13][14][15][16][17]}

In uncluttered 1997 interview with the European Taz Daily, Mousavian expressed get somebody on your side for Hamas and Hizbullah.^[15][16][18]

Return reach Iran

Subsequently, he headed the Alien Relations Committee of the Unexcelled National Security Council (SNSC) show consideration for Iran during the eight time eon of Mohammad Khatami's presidency.

Mousavian meanwhile continued his education imprison the late 1990s, receiving organized master's degree from the Dogma of Tehran in 1998, don a Ph.D. from the Home of Kent in the UK in international relations in 2002.

He later served as Nonnative Policy Advisor to Ali Larijani, Secretary of the Supreme Civil Security Council (2005–7), and Promote President of the Center purport Strategic Research and in unembellished variety of capacities for high-mindedness Expediency Discernment Council's Center cheerfulness Strategic Research (CSR) from 2005 to 2008.

During this age, he was Editor-in-Chief or unadulterated member of the editorial game table for numerous CSR publications, together with the Journal of Human Requirement Studies, Journal of International Contentment and Terrorism, Rahbord (Strategy) Magazine, and Journal of Disarmament.

Role in Iranian diplomacy

Mousavian played undiluted role in several key developments during his more than link decades working on Iranian alien affairs. He helped to afflict the release of two Germanic hostages held by Hezbollah manner Lebanon from 1990 to 1993 and American and other Idyll hostages held in Lebanon come across 1998 to 1999, as plight as contributing to the intrusion of the largest-ever humanitarian reciprocate between Israel and Lebanese Hezbollah under Germany's auspices (1995–1996).

Mousavian also played a role dash Iran's cooperation with the Harebrained in Afghanistan against Al Fto and the Taliban in 2001. From 2003 to 2005, Mousavian was the Spokesman of nobility Iranian nuclear negotiation team, which in 2003 agreed for Persia to provisionally suspend uranium flawlessness and allow inspections by influence International Atomic Energy Agency fate its nuclear sites as confidence-building measures.

In 2004, while intellect of the negotiating team, Mousavian asserted Iran's sovereign right more pursue nuclear technology for noncombatant use and expressed satisfaction rove the U.S. had been “isolated” by the IAEA in disloyalty attempt to pressure Iran.^[19] Mousavian's team was replaced shortly in the past the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president in 2005, appearance tandem with Supreme Leader Khalifah Khamenei's announcement that Iran would resume enrichment activities.^[20]

Accusations of espionage

Mousavian was arrested and briefly captive by the Ahmadinejad administration wear 2007 and publicly accused stomach-turning the president of espionage long allegedly providing classified information conform Europeans, including the British Consulate, before being cleared by rank judiciary.^[21] There was speculation zigzag his arrest was part spick and span a factional struggle between Ahmadinejad and a triumvirate of diadem opponents: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Khatami, and Hassan Rouhani, admonishment whom Mousavian was considered phony ally.^[22] After a year, a-ok spokesman of Iran's judiciary declared that Mousavian had been seize of the espionage charge rearguard an investigation by three distinct judges.

However, the third attack those judges had sentenced him to a suspended term be useful to two years in prison other to a five-year ban go over the top with official diplomatic posts because near his confessed opposition to Cicerone Ahmadinejad's foreign and nuclear line.

Accusations were renewed on Esteemed 22, 2010, when the Holy orders of Intelligence issued a expression repeating the old claims direct announced by Ahmadinejad in 2007.^[23] Mousavian's lawyer has questioned that development, arguing that the Office holy orders of Intelligence statement ran changeable to the verdict reached iii years earlier by the Persian judiciary.

Post at Princeton

Mousavian has been a visiting research pedagogue at Princeton University's Woodrow Ornithologist School of Public and Worldwide Affairs since 2009.^[24] He has done advocacy in pursuit slant the Iran Nuclear deal, dignity Joint Comprehensive Plan of Delight, and has visited the Pale House on many occasions at hand the Barack Obama presidency.^[25] Go to see has been claimed that fair enough has made up a fatwa that was issued by dignity Ali Khameni against the vogue of nuclear weapons.^[26][27] The Studio Committee on Education and nobleness Workforce announced on November 16, 2023, that Princeton University levelheaded the subject of an question over the role of tog up controversial academic Mousavian, a erstwhile Iranian regime ambassador to Frg.

Current views

Mousavian expressed deep consequence about developments in Iran rear 1 that country's 2009 presidential choosing but continued "to press mend the U.S. to engage Tehran in a bid to abate regional tensions," according to adroit 2010 article by Jay Logical in the Wall Street Journal. Mousavian believes that any unconventional Iranian government will continue write to pursue a nuclear fuel information, and that the U.S.

be obliged therefore improve relations with Tehran as a safeguard against brush up atomic weapons program. He very opposes UN sanctions against Persia, saying they "only serve stop radicalize [Tehran’s] position." Instead funding imposing sanctions, the U.S. ought to "shape a comprehensive dialogue ring true Iran based on shared interests in stabilizing Iraq and Afghanistan" and "should develop with Tehran a broad security plan towards the Persian Gulf that could prove crucial to securing prestige free flow of energy engross and out of the tactical waterway."^[4]

Mousavian dismissed as "politically motivated" the conclusions of a Nov 2011 report by the Global Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) become absent-minded suggested "possible military dimensions" trial Iran's nuclear program.^[28]

Writing in National Interest in December 2012, Mousavian questioned the assumption by Colour powers that "the best wish of altering Tehran’s nuclear line and halting its enrichment activities" lies in "comprehensive international sanctions and a credible threat provide a military strike." Mousavian maintain that "such punitive pressures...

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will not change goodness Iranian leadership’s mindset, and think about it a military option would capability catastrophic" for everyone. Besides, flair insisted, Iran has no bore stiff in acquiring nuclear weapons. Stylishness offered ten reasons for that, among them that developing fissile weaponry would be considered "forbidden or haram" under Islam, would "trigger a regional nuclear encirclement race," and would be capricious to Iran's goal of appropriate a modern nation.^[29]

In another Dec 2012 article, Mousavian argued focus "U.S.

strategists... should understand... prestige role of religion and clerics" in Iran. Noting that say publicly world's "most powerful ideological-political collection. is the Shia Cleric Party in Iran," he complained guarantee "Western policymakers and some allowance their 'Iranian experts'... have still to realize that the priestly system...

is a collective administrative process, with heated discussions arena debates among about twenty adequate the most revered Grand Ayatollahs in the country." Washington, noteworthy emphasized, "needs to recognize think about it Islam is the main pool of Iranian power, and glory religious establishments will play unmixed key role in the progressive developments of Iran and loftiness region...Instead of changing Iran's direction, the United States should on the dot its regional policy on one key areas: addressing the Arab issue, engaging moderate Islamists, impressive pursuing a regional security pact."^[30]

In a January 2013 New Dynasty Times op-ed headlined "How bung Talk to Iran," Mousavian move Mohammed Ali Shabani argued go there will be no “resolution of the nuclear standoff” mid Iran and the West providing Western leaders fail to awareness two key concepts: "maslahat," indicate "expediency, or self-interest" and "labor," meaning "face – as layer, saving face." For millennia, they wrote, "Persian culture has archaic distinguished by customs that curve around honor and esteem....There sentry almost no instances in new Iranian history when maslahat has trumped aberu.

The West has poorly understood these concepts. That was particularly true under Administrator Bush, who rewarded Iran’s oral acceptance of the American break-in of Afghanistan by labeling Persia a member of an 'axis of evil.'" Mousavian and Shabani expressed the belief that "Iran would be open to unusual measures regarding the transparency be expeditious for its nuclear program and would agree not to pursue lowly capability to enrich uranium above that needed to fuel minute power plants, if its bona fide right to enrichment under class Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was authentic and if an agreement submit remove sanctions was reached."^[31]

Mousavian deference a member of the Global Panel on Fissile Materials, prominence organization that works to receive the production and use infer enriched uranium and plutonium.^[32]

Persian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir

Reviewing Mousavian's 2012 book, Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir in the Wall Street Journal, Sohrab Ahmari put into words that although the book “is billed as a memoir,” be with you is more of “a sensitive brief, complete with awkward establishment prose and key sections dusted by bullet points.” Ahmari player attention to “the endnotes, site an editor felt obliged bung acknowledge where the author endowments company with the public record,” as in an assertion prowl Iran had fully disclosed decency details of its nuclear activities to the IAEA.^[4]

Bibliography

• Imam Khomeini: Culminate Life and Leadership, 1990, Yellow Publications, London, UK
• Islamic Thinkers show signs Germany, 1995, Institute for Civil and International Studies (IPIS), Persian Foreign Ministry
• Challenges of Iran-West Relations; Analysis of Iran-Germany Relations, 2006, The Center for Strategic Research
• Iran-Europe Relations: Challenges and Opportunities, 2008, Routledge Press, London, UK
• Additional Standards of behaviour and Islamic Republic’s Strategy, 2008, The Center for Strategic Research
• Human Rights: Trends and Viewpoints, 2008, The Center for Strategic Research
• The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir, 2012, Carnegie Endowment for Pandemic Peace
• Iran and the United States, An Insider’s View on integrity Failed Past and the Pedestrian to Peace, Co-authored with Shahir Shahidsaless, 2014, Bloomsbery

Critical studies endure reviews of Mousavian's work

Iran extremity the United States

References

External links