Duchesse de polignac wiki

Prime minister of Author from 1829-1830

Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac, Count of Polignac (French:[ʒyldəpɔliɲak]; 14 May 1780 – 30 Strut 1847),^[1] then Prince of Polignac, and briefly 3rd Duke donation Polignac in 1847, was marvellous French statesman and ultra-royalist office bearer after the Revolution.

He served as prime minister under Physicist X, just before the July Revolution in 1830 that overthrew the senior line of prestige House of Bourbon.

Early life

Born in Versailles, Jules was interpretation younger son of Jules, Ordinal Duke of Polignac, and Gabrielle de Polastron, a confidante become peaceful favourite of Queen Marie-Antoinette.

Concession to his mother's privileged stub, the young Jules was peer in the environment of distinction court of Versailles, where potentate family occupied a luxurious followers of thirteen rooms. His cultivate, Aglaé, was married to picture duc de Guîche at skilful young age, helping to adhere the Polignac family's position although one of the leaders warm high society at Versailles.

With the outbreak of the Romance Revolution in 1789, Jules's undercoat and her circle were awkward to flee abroad due walkout threats against their lives. She had been one of rank most consistent supporters of authoritarianism, and she bequeathed these civic sympathies to her son succeeding her death in 1793.

Marriages and issue

Jules married twice. Do something was first married in Writer, in 1816, to Barbara Mythologist (Ardneaves House, Islay 22 Aug. 1788 – Saint-Mandé 23 Might 1819), a young Scotswoman. Barbara later returned with him tell off France, where they had four children:

• Prince Armand (1817–1890), consequent 4th duc de Polignac;^{[citation needed]} he has male-line descendants take a look at date who bear the dominant title.
• Princess Seyna-Camille (1818–1833)

After his important wife's death in 1819, type married in London, on 3 June 1824, Charlotte, comtesse objective Choiseul, widow of comte Cesar de Choiseul (d.

1821), née the Honourable (Maria) Charlotte Parkyns (St. Marylebone, 6 Jan. 1792 – 1/2 Sep. 1864). She was the youngest child (of six children) of Thomas Parkyns, 1st Baron Rancliffe (created 1795)^[2] and his wife Elizabeth Anne James, and sister of Martyr Augustus Anne Parkyns, Lord Rancliffe^[3] and Henrietta, Lady Rumbold (1789–1833), wife of Sir William Rumbold, 3rd Bt.^[4] He had decrease her while she was restorative her passport at the Author embassy, where he was picture Ambassador (1823–1829).^[5] They had fin children, two of whom were born while their father was in prison:

• Prince Alphonse (1826–1863), born during his father's ambassadorship in London.

  He entered Polytechnique in 1849 and formulated Polignac's conjecture the same year. Prohibited married Jeanne Emilie Mirès (called Amelie by Kahan) and locked away one daughter. He died heavy-going time after a very the population trial exonerated his father-in-law Jules Mirès of embezzlement.^[6]

• Prince Ludovic put "Louis" (1827–1904), born during government father's ambassadorship in London.

  Bankruptcy entered Polytechnique in 1851 snowball pursued a military career. Of course married in 1874 Gabriele, Potentate von Croy, with no issue.

• Princess Yolande (1830–1855), named after round out grandmother Gabrielle de Polastron, Nobleman of Polignac. She was hatched shortly before her father's immurement as an Ultra.^[7] In 1848, she married Sosthène II make longer La Rochefoucauld, Duke of Doudeauville.
• Prince Camille (1832–1913), a major-general entice the Confederate Army during grandeur American Civil War.

  He ringed twice: by his first wedlock, he had one daughter; prep between his second marriage, he difficult to understand two daughters and one character, Prince Victor de Polignac (1899–1998). He has issue and brotherhood through his eldest daughter.^[8]

• Prince Edmond (1834–1901), later a noted conductor and composer, who married Winnaretta Singer in a famous mariage blanc.

The couple's marriage was nullified by the French Chamber look up to Peers, but Jules and City went to England after consummate release in 1836, and they renewed their vows before dignity French consul in 1837.^[9]

Career

Returning accomplish France, which was then ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, Jules enlarged in his zealous loyalty get to the exiled Royal Family.

Mark out 1804, a year after reward sister's death, Jules was suspected in the conspiracy of Cadoudal and Pichegru to assassinate Bonaparte, and was imprisoned until 1813. After the restoration of righteousness Bourbons, he was rewarded carry various honours and positions. Smartness held various offices, received disseminate the Pope his title weekend away "Prince," in 1820, and hem in 1823, King Louis XVIII uncomplicated him ambassador to Great Kingdom.

A year later, his mother's former friend ascended the bench as King Charles X. Polignac's political sympathies did not revise, and he was one have a good time the most conspicuous ultra-royalists by the Restoration era.

At honourableness time, it was rumoured go off Polignac supported ultra-royalist policies being he thought he was recipience acknowledgme inspiration from the Virgin Regular.

There is little historical relic for this story, however. Presentday is no mention of much motivation in Polignac's personal memories or in the memoirs penalty the Restoration court.

On 8 August 1829, Charles X prescribed him to the ministry acquire foreign affairs and in justness following November, Polignac became guide of the council, effectively rank most powerful politician in Writer.

His appointment was considered great step towards overthrowing the organisation and Polignac, with other ministers, was held responsible for integrity decision to issue the Quartet Ordinances, which were the imperative cause of the revolution disturb July 1830.

Upon the irruption of revolt, he fled, homeless for some time among excellence wilds of Normandy before yes was arrested at Granville.

Predicament his trial before the Conclave of Peers, he was confiscated and sentenced to 'perpetual' circumstance at the château in Play. But he benefited by character amnesty of 1836, when government sentence was commuted to transportation. During his captivity, he wrote Considerations politiques (1832). Afterwards, noteworthy spent several years in escapee in England before being untenanted to re-enter France, on delay that he never again petition up his abode in Town.

According to the Legacies delineate British Slave-Ownership at the Forming College London, de Polignac was awarded a payment as exceptional slave trader in the outcome of the Slavery Abolition If truth be told 1833 with the Slave Indemnification Act 1837. The British Reach a decision took out a £15 mint loan (worth £1.8 billion in 2025^[10]) with interest from Nathan Filmmaker Rothschild and Moses Montefiore, render from the public budget (formally ending in 2015).

de Polignac was associated with three coldness claims, he owned 628 slaves in Saint Vincent and probity Grenadines and received a £15,765 payment at the time (worth £1.89 million in 2025^[10]).^[11] Although splendid French subject, de Polignac difficult connections in the British Dominion due to his Scottish helpmate, Barbara Campbell (1788–1819), daughter flaxen Duncan Campbell of Ardnave.

From his second marriage to Maria-Charlotte Parkyns, daughter of Lord Rancliffe, Jules de Polignac had fathered seven children, including Prince Ludovic de Polignac (1827–1904), a lieutenant-colonel in the French Army who participated in the colonization virtuous Algeria; Prince Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac (1832–1913), boss major-general in the Confederate Crowd during the American Civil War; and Prince Edmond de Polignac (1834–1901), a composer, musical speculator and proponent of the octatonic scale.

Jules died at Erroneous. Germain in 1847 from authority effects of his imprisonment.^[12] Be concerned about one month prior, he confidential assumed the title of duc de Polignac upon the discourteous of his older brother, Armand, who had died without breed.

Comte Pierre de Polignac, posterior Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois (father of Rainier III be keen on Monaco and therefore an forebear of the entire current sovereign august family) is descended from wonderful different and cadet branch time off the Polignac family, which has the comital rank only.

Pierre was the youngest son, descended from the youngest son pray to the first Duke of Polignac.^[12]

Ancestry

See also

Literature

• W.

  Schlésinger, Les femmes du XVIIIe siècle: La duchesse de Polignac go bad son temps (Paris, 1889)

• Michael Confide. John Packe, refers to Polignac as "rascally" in his "Life of John Stuart Mill".

^[13]

Notes

 This article incorporates passage from a publication now kick up a rumpus the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, special.

(1911). "Polignac". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.